/* Research fact cards - flip hover + mobile mini-tab */

#why {
  overflow: visible;
}

#research-grid,
#research-grid .research-card {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

#research-grid,
#why .research-section-content,
.card-face-back,
.research-mobile-content {
  overscroll-behavior: auto;
  touch-action: auto;
}

/*  -  -  Card base  -  -  */
.research-card {
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Scroll reveal - initial / visible states */
.research-card.reveal-item:not(.is-visible) {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translate3d(0, 3rem, 0);
}

.research-card.reveal-item.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0) scale(1);
}

.research-card.reveal-item {
  transition-property: opacity, transform, border-color, box-shadow;
  transition-duration: 1000ms;
  transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1);
}

.card-flip {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
}

/* Front face - fixed rows so categories, stats, and headlines align across the grid */
.card-collapsed {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows:
    clamp(2rem, 8vw, 2.75rem)
    clamp(2.5rem, 14vw, 4.25rem)
    minmax(clamp(2.75rem, 16vw, 4.25rem), 1fr);
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  justify-items: center;
  align-content: start;
  gap: clamp(0.125rem, 0.8vw, 0.375rem);
  padding-bottom: 1.75rem;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.card-category {
  grid-row: 1;
  align-self: start;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
  white-space: normal;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.card-stat {
  grid-row: 2;
  align-self: center;
  justify-self: center;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: clamp(0.85rem, 4.2vw, 3rem);
  white-space: nowrap;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  line-height: 1;
}

.card-headline {
  grid-row: 3;
  align-self: start;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: clamp(0.75rem, 2.35vw, 1.125rem);
  white-space: normal;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-card-detail {
  gap: 0.625rem;
}

.research-card-detail p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(0.7rem, 1.8vw, 0.875rem);
  line-height: 1.5;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  word-break: break-word;
}

/* Mobile 2-col grid: larger stats, full headline text, centered layout */
@media (max-width: 639px) {
  .card-collapsed {
    height: auto;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto auto;
    gap: 0.125rem;
    align-content: center;
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }

  .card-stat {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 6.5vw, 1.75rem);
  }

  .research-card .card-headline {
    align-self: center;
    font-size: clamp(0.7rem, 2.8vw, 0.8125rem);
    line-height: 1.35;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 4;
  }
}

/* Per-card interaction hints - overlaid at card bottom */
.research-card-hint {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0.5rem;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 6;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem 0.15rem;
  display: none;
  font-size: 0.55rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: rgb(113, 113, 122);
  text-align: center;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}

@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .research-card-hint--hover {
    display: block;
  }
}

@media not ((hover: hover) and (pointer: fine)) {
  .research-card-hint--tap {
    display: block;
  }
}

/* Touch-only: front face only, modal for detail */
@media not ((hover: hover) and (pointer: fine)) {
  .research-card .card-face-back,
  .research-card .research-card-detail {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .research-card .card-face-front {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    height: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    text-align: center;
    padding: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    padding-bottom: clamp(1.75rem, 5vw, 2.25rem);
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .research-card .card-face-front .card-collapsed {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .research-mobile-backdrop {
    transition: none;
  }

  .research-mobile-modal.is-open .research-mobile-backdrop {
    opacity: 1;
  }

  .research-mobile-panel {
    transform: none;
    will-change: auto;
    transition: opacity 160ms ease;
  }

  .research-mobile-modal.is-open .research-mobile-panel {
    transform: none;
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

/* Mobile touch: vertically center card content above tap hint */
@media (max-width: 639px) {
  @media not ((hover: hover) and (pointer: fine)) {
    .research-card .card-face-front {
      justify-content: center;
      padding: 1rem 0.75rem 2.25rem;
    }

    .research-card .card-face-front .card-collapsed {
      flex: 0 0 auto;
      height: auto;
    }
  }
}

/* Fine pointer: 3D flip on hover / focus at any viewport width */
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .research-card {
    perspective: 900px;
  }

  .card-flip {
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
    transition: transform 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  }

  .research-card:hover .card-flip {
    transform: rotateY(180deg);
  }

  .research-card:hover {
    z-index: 10;
    border-color: rgb(63, 63, 70);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45), 0 0 0 1px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.12);
  }

  .research-card:hover .card-flip {
    will-change: transform;
  }

  .research-card:hover .research-card-hint--hover {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  .card-face {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    backface-visibility: hidden;
    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    text-align: center;
    padding: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    padding-bottom: clamp(1.75rem, 5vw, 2.25rem);
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: inherit;
  }

  .card-face-front .card-collapsed {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .card-face-back {
    transform: rotateY(180deg);
    overflow-y: auto;
    justify-content: center;
    justify-content: safe center;
    align-items: stretch;
    padding-top: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    gap: 0.625rem;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    -ms-overflow-style: none;
  }

  .card-face-back::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
  }

  .research-card-detail {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    min-height: 0;
    flex: 1 1 auto;
  }

  .research-mobile-modal {
    display: none !important;
  }
}

/*  -  -  Mobile mini-tab modal  -  -  */
.research-mobile-modal {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 200;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 1rem;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 500ms cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1),
    visibility 500ms cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1);
}

.research-mobile-modal.is-open {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.research-mobile-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(9, 9, 11, 0.78);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 500ms cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1);
}

.research-mobile-modal.is-open .research-mobile-backdrop {
  opacity: 1;
}

.research-mobile-panel {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(90vw, 22rem);
  max-height: min(85vh, 32rem);
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid rgb(63, 63, 70);
  background: rgb(24, 24, 27);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.72);
  transform: scale(0.94) translateZ(0);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: transform 500ms cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1),
    opacity 500ms cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1);
  will-change: transform, opacity;
}

.research-mobile-modal.is-open .research-mobile-panel {
  transform: scale(1) translateZ(0);
  opacity: 1;
}

.research-mobile-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.75rem;
  right: 0.75rem;
  z-index: 2;
  display: flex;
  height: 2.25rem;
  width: 2.25rem;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  border: 1px solid rgb(63, 63, 70);
  background: rgba(9, 9, 11, 0.85);
  color: rgb(212, 212, 216);
  transition: color 200ms ease, border-color 200ms ease, background-color 200ms ease;
}

.research-mobile-close:hover {
  border-color: rgb(59, 130, 246);
  color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
  background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15);
}

.research-mobile-content {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 2.75rem 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}

.research-mobile-content .card-category {
  font-size: 0.6rem;
}

.research-mobile-content .card-stat {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 10vw, 3rem);
  white-space: nowrap;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.research-mobile-content .card-headline {
  font-size: clamp(0.875rem, 4vw, 1.0625rem);
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  word-break: break-word;
}

.research-mobile-content .research-mobile-detail {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: rgb(161, 161, 170);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

body.research-modal-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-card.reveal-item {
    transition-duration: 160ms !important;
  }

  .card-flip {
    transition-duration: 160ms !important;
  }

  .research-mobile-modal,
  .research-mobile-panel,
  .research-mobile-backdrop {
    transition-duration: 160ms !important;
  }

  .research-mobile-panel {
    transform: none !important;
  }

  @media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
    .research-card:hover .card-flip {
      transform: none;
    }

    .research-card:hover .card-face-front {
      opacity: 0;
      visibility: hidden;
    }

    .research-card:hover .card-face-back {
      transform: none;
    }

    .card-face-front,
    .card-face-back {
      transition: opacity 160ms ease;
    }

    .research-card:not(:hover) .card-face-front {
      opacity: 1;
      visibility: visible;
    }

    .research-card:not(:hover) .card-face-back {
      opacity: 0;
      visibility: hidden;
    }

    .research-card:hover .card-face-back {
      opacity: 1;
      visibility: visible;
    }
  }
}